Journal of South Asian Federation of Obstetrics and Gynaecology

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VOLUME 16 , ISSUE 5 ( September-October, 2024 ) > List of Articles

RESEARCH ARTICLE

Evaluation of Prevalence, Presenting Symptoms, and Risk Factors of Overactive Bladder among Postmenopausal Women

Nupur Nandi, Ritika Agarwal, Abhijit Haldar

Keywords : Overactive bladder, Overactive bladder-dry, OAB-questionnaire, Postmenopausal ladies

Citation Information : Nandi N, Agarwal R, Haldar A. Evaluation of Prevalence, Presenting Symptoms, and Risk Factors of Overactive Bladder among Postmenopausal Women. J South Asian Feder Obs Gynae 2024; 16 (5):496-499.

DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10006-2523

License: CC BY-NC 4.0

Published Online: 23-10-2024

Copyright Statement:  Copyright © 2024; The Author(s).


Abstract

Background: Overactive bladder (OAB) is a syndrome which includes a compelling desire to pass urine leading to increased frequency of voiding in both day and night in the absence of obvious pathology. It may even result to a degree of incontinence. Symptoms of OAB bother a large number of people and the frequency increases with age. Menopause (either surgical/natural) adds more risk for the development of OAB in women. Factors like non-white race, smoking, obesity, depression, irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), diabetes, and neurological diseases like multiple sclerosis may increase the risk. As symptoms of OAB can negatively impact health-related quality of life (HRQL), knowing its prevalence, identification of the most bothering symptom, and risk factors can help to manage the situation. Materials and methods: All postmenopausal women attending OPD not having any obvious gynecological pathology or UTI who gave consent were included. A questionnaire-based cross-sectional study was conducted using validated Bengali/Hindi version of OAB-questionnaire (OAB-q) along with structured proforma among postmenopausal women attending Obstetrics and Gynecology Department of College of Medicine and JNM Hospital, WBUHS, Kalyani, Nadia, West Bengal, India and Venkateshwara Institute of Medical Sciences, Gajraula, Uttar Pradesh, India for a period of 6 months (February 2022–July 2022). Results: In College of Medicine and JNM Hospital, Kalyani, Nadia, West Bengal, India, 382 postmenopausal ladies were evaluated during the said time period and from them, 191 cases were OAB patient. Whereas at Venkateshwara Institute of Medical Sciences, Gajraula, Uttar Pradesh, India, 115 postmenopausal women participated in the study of which 57 women were having OAB. Out of total 497 postmenopausal ladies evaluated, 248 were diagnosed having OAB. Frequency of OAB was 49.89%. Out of 248 OAB patient's, 61.70% women were OAB-dry type and 38.30% were OAB-wet variety (having some degree of incontinence).The most common OAB symptom was an increase in the number of micturition per day (97.17%), followed by nocturia (95.56%). Increasing age and obesity significantly add to the risk of OAB. However high parity (≥3) is not significantly associated with OAB. Use of tobacco in any form is highly a significant risk factor for the development of OAB (p-value < 0.00001). Conclusion: Almost half of the postmenopausal women population are suffering from one or more symptoms of OAB (prevalence 49.89%). Frequency of urination and nocturia are the common presenting symptoms rather than incontinence episodes. Control over weight gain and no tobacco use can reduce the risk of development of OAB.


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