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VOLUME 17 , ISSUE 1 ( January-February, 2025 ) > List of Articles

RESEARCH ARTICLE

Evaluation of Vitamin D Levels in Pregnancy and Its Correlation with Fetomaternal Outcomes

Setu Rathod, Manasa SK, Sunil K Samal

Keywords : Deficiency, Gestational diabetes mellitus, Low birth weight, Obesity, Preeclampsia, Pregnancy, Pregnancy-induced hypertension, Pregnancy outcomes, Vitamin D

Citation Information : Rathod S, SK M, Samal SK. Evaluation of Vitamin D Levels in Pregnancy and Its Correlation with Fetomaternal Outcomes. J South Asian Feder Obs Gynae 2025; 17 (1):39-42.

DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10006-2608

License: CC BY-NC 4.0

Published Online: 28-03-2025

Copyright Statement:  Copyright © 2025; The Author(s).


Abstract

Objective: To investigate the relationship between serum vitamin D levels during pregnancy and fetomaternal outcomes. Materials and methods: The study was conducted in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of a tertiary care hospital in South India. This cross-sectional analytical study involved 120 pregnant women who were at term or in labor. After determining the serum vitamin D level, the study population was divided into low and sufficient vitamin D level groups accordingly. Statistical analysis was performed to evaluate the correlation between serum vitamin D level and maternal outcomes, such as mode of delivery, gestational diabetes, preterm rupture of membranes, intrauterine growth restriction, preterm labor, preeclampsia, and neonatal outcomes, such as APGAR score, birth weight, and admission to neonatal intensive care unit. The software used for outcome analysis was Statistical Package for Social Sciences, version 17.0. Results: Among 120 women, 98 (81.7%) were found to have low vitamin D levels, and 22 (18.3%) were found to have sufficient vitamin D levels. In the entire study population, the mean vitamin D level was 20.24 ± 9.918 ng/mL. The mean vitamin D level in women with sufficient and low vitamin D was 36.24 ± 5.013 and 16.65 ± 6.648 ng/mL, respectively. Obese and overweight women were found to have lower vitamin D levels than women with normal body mass index (p-value < 0.001). Women with preeclampsia and gestational diabetes mellitus were found to have significantly lower vitamin D levels compared with women without preeclampsia (p-value = 0.037) and gestational diabetes mellitus (p-value = 0.045). Other parameters of the study, such as preterm labor, preterm premature rupture of membranes/premature rupture of membranes, intrauterine growth restriction, and mode of delivery, had comparable vitamin D levels in both groups. Fetal outcomes in terms of APGAR score, birth weight, and neonatal intensive care unit admission were similar in both study groups. Conclusions: This study concludes that there is a significant association between low vitamin D levels (<30 ng/dL), obesity, gestational diabetes mellitus, and preeclampsia. In the future, more prospective interventional studies can be conducted to analyze the effect of vitamin D supplementation during pregnancy in women with a deficiency.

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