Background: Surgical block of the transversus abdominis plane (TAP) provides effective pain relief of the somatic component of pain after surgery. This study was carried out to determine the efficacy of the TAP block administered during surgery as a part of multimodal analgesia after lower segment cesarean section. Materials and methods: We conducted a prospective case–control study with 160 antenatal women with 80 cases (group I) and 80 controls (group II) undergoing cesarean section from JSS Hospital, Mysuru, Karnataka, India, who were randomized to be given surgical TAP block with 30 mL of bupivacaine (0.25%) after getting written, informed consent from the participants. All women received the conventional regimen of 75 mg of diclofenac sodium every eight hours for postoperative pain relief. Tramadol hydrochloride was used as rescue analgesia. Postoperatively visual analog scale (VAS) score was assessed at 1, 2, 4, 12, and 24 hours. The pulse rate and blood pressure of all women were monitored at the same intervals. Results: Age, height, body mass index (BMI), and duration of surgery were comparable between groups I and II. The mean postoperative time required to start analgesics was comparatively longer in group I when compared to group II. The difference in pulse rate and mean arterial pressure within the groups was found to be statistically significant. The mean of VAS score at all the intervals was found to be significantly lower in group I. About 33.8% of women in group II needed additional analgesia, whereas only 3.8% patients required additional analgesics in group I. Conclusion: Surgical TAP block is a safe and efficacious method to provide pain relief in the postoperative period with minimal side effects and complications.