Keywords :
Analysis, Audit, Cesarean section, Robson's ten-group classification system
Citation Information :
Hota BM, Movva N, Bakshi K, Lokam G. Analysis of Cesarean Section by Robson's Ten-group Classification System: A Step toward Reduction in Rate of the Surgery. J South Asian Feder Obs Gynae 2023; 15 (1):43-46.
Background: Increasing the cesarean section rate with its complications is a global concern now. High economical background, education, limited family size, comfort of both; the patient and the care provider as well as the availability of facility and advanced technology are the responsible factors for the high rate of the surgery. In an attempt to reduce the rate, World Health Organization (WHO) has introduced Robson's Ten-group Classification System (RTGCS) for auditing, analyzing, and finding the largest contributor to the surgery so that steps can be taken to limit it.
Aims: (i) Finding out the group contributing more to the total cesarean section. (ii) Discussing the possible remedial measures to reduce the rate of the surgery.
Materials and methods: This retrospective study was conducted in the Obstetrics and Gynaecology Department of Mamata Medical College, Khammam, Telangana State, India, over 5 years period, which included all the cesarean deliveries at and beyond 28 completed weeks of gestation.
Results: Total cesarean deliveries were 778 and the rate of cesarean section was 31.39% of total deliveries. Group X of RTGCS had a maximum contribution (31.10%) followed by group V (29.43%), group II (20.95%), and group I (06.68%) to the total cesarean deliveries.
Conclusion: Robson's ten-group classification system, as the preliminary step in reducing the rate of cesarean delivery, is good to find the maximum contributors to the surgery. Detailed auditing and analysis will help to limit the rate of surgery by taking necessary steps, without affecting the mother and the baby. The role of the institution and care provider is important in the success of the mission.
Clinical significance: Attempt to reduce the rate of the cesarean section without compromising pregnancy outcome.
World Health Organization. Monitoring emergency obstetric care: A handbook. WHO Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data. ISBN 978 92 4 154773 4 (NLM classification: WA 310). Geneva; World Health Organization; 2009. 152 p. Available from: http://whqlibdoc.who.int/publications/2009/9789241547734_eng.pdf.
World Health Organization. Appropriate technology for birth. Lancet 1985;2(8452):436–437. PMID: 2863457.
World Health Organization. WHO Statement on Caesarean Section Rates. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2015 (WHO/RHR/15.02).
Rossen J, Lucovnik M, Eggebø TM, et al. A method to assess obstetric outcomes using the 10-Group Classification System: A quantitative descriptive study. BMJ Open 2017;7(7):e016192. DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2017-016192.
Pravina P, Ranjana R, Goel N. Cesarean audit using Robson classification at a tertiary care center in Bihar: A retrospective study. Cureus 2022;14(3):e23133. DOI: 10.7759/cureus.23133.
Prabhavathi V, Krishnamma B, Prasad DKV, et al. Audit of caesarean deliveries in a tertiary care hospital of northern Andhra Pradesh using modified Robson criteria. Int J Reprod Contracept Obstet Gynecol 2018;7(7):2796–2801. DOI: 10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20182884.
Murugesan K, Rengaraj S. Analysis of caesarean section using Robson's ten group classification system in a tertiary care center from Southern India: A crosssectional study. Int J Adv Med Health Res 2021;8(2):75–82. DOI: 10.4103/ijamr.ijamr_152_21.
Abubeker FA, Gashawbeza B, Gebre TM, et al. Analysis of cesarean section rates using Robson ten group classification system in a tertiary teaching hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: A cross-sectional study. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2020;20:767. DOI: 10.1186/s12884-020-03474-x.
Parveen R, Khakwani M, Naz A, et al. Analysis of cesarean sections using Robson's ten group classification system. Pak J Med Sci 2021;37(2):567–571. DOI: 10.12669/pjms.37.2.3823.
Jogia A, Mehta KA. Use of the Robson classification to assess cesarean section at a medical college hospital in Gujarat, India. Asian J Med Sci 2022;13(8):202–207. DOI: 10.3126/ajms.v13i8.44293.
Kazmi T, Saiseema SV, Khan S. Analysis of cesarean section rate – According to Robson's 10-group classification. Oman Med J 2012;27(5):415–417. DOI: 10.5001/omj.2012.102.
Bernardes J, Costa-Pereira A, Ayres-de-Campos D, et al. Evaluation of interobserver agreement of cardiotocograms. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 1997;57(1):33–37. DOI: 10.1016/s0020-7292(97)02846-4.
Amer-Wahlin I, Arulkumaran S, Hagberg H, et al. Fetal electrocardiogram: ST waveform analysis in intrapartum surveillance. BJOG 2007;114(10):1191–1193. DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-0528.2007.01479.x.
Torloni MR, Betrán AP, Montilla P, et al. Do Italian women prefer cesarean section? Results from a survey on mode of delivery preferences. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2013;13:78. DOI: 10.1186/1471-2393-13-78.
Mi J, Liu F. Rate of caesarean section is alarming in China. Lancet 2014;383(9927):1463–1464. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(14)60716-9.
World Health Organization. WHO recommendation for Induction of labor 2011. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2011. WHO/RHR/11.10. Available from: http://whqlibdoc.who.int/publications/2011/9789241501156_eng.pdf.