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VOLUME 10 , ISSUE 1 ( January-March, 2018 ) > List of Articles

ORIGINAL ARTICLE

A Prospective Cohort Study of Maternal and Perinatal Outcome in Pregnancy with First-trimester Vaginal Bleeding

Shaheen Hokabaj, Mallikarjun Rashmi, Suguna Shanthi, Chitra Karat

Keywords : First trimester, Maternal outcome, Miscarriage, Perinatal outcome, Vaginal bleeding

Citation Information : Hokabaj S, Rashmi M, Shanthi S, Karat C. A Prospective Cohort Study of Maternal and Perinatal Outcome in Pregnancy with First-trimester Vaginal Bleeding. J South Asian Feder Obs Gynae 2018; 10 (1):49-53.

DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10006-1557

Published Online: 01-12-2018

Copyright Statement:  Copyright © 2018; The Author(s).


Abstract

Aims and objectives: The objectives are to study the effect of vaginal bleeding during first trimester of an intrauterine pregnancy on maternal and perinatal outcomes. Materials and methods: A prospective cohort study was conducted over a duration of 2 years of 430 pregnant women. Data of 210 and 176 women in the study and control group were studied respectively. Study group comprised of women with first-trimester vaginal bleeding and control group comprised of women with no vaginal bleeding, after ultrasonography (USG) confirmation of intrauterine pregnancy done routinely in all women. Maternal and perinatal outcomes were studied in both groups. Results: The two groups were matched in terms of age, parity, socioeconomic status, and body mass index (BMI), and no statistically significant difference was detected in these parameters. A total of 104 women (49.5%) had bleeding during 7 to 8 weeks of gestation. Miscarriage occurred in 96 women (45.7%) with first-trimester vaginal bleeding in study group compared with 20 women (10.2%) among control group; 54.3% women in the study group and 89.8% of women in control group had continuation of pregnancy. The most common type of miscarriage was missed miscarriage (40; 19%) in the study group. Maternal complications occurred more in the study group (74; 64.9%) as compared with 28 (15.9%) in the control group during the course of pregnancy. The incidence of preterm deliveries was higher in the study group (17.5%) than in the control group (2.3%). Most of the women in both the groups delivered by vaginal route. Overall, neonatal complications were higher in the study group (49.1%). The mean birth weight was significantly lower in the study group as compared with control group. Conclusion: Women with first-trimester vaginal bleeding are at increased risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes, such as spontaneous miscarriage, preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM), premature rupture of membranes (PROM), intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR), oligohydramnios, low birth weight (LBW), preterm delivery, and increased perinatal morbidity.

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